I will explain. They still had an identity as Messenians, must have defined themselves as a repressed class, and hoped to liberate themselves. However, this is disputed by others. "[26], Thus Paul Cartledge claims that "the history of Sparta (…) is fundamentally the history of the class struggle between the Spartans and the Helots".[48].

Perhaps the best approach is to leave the niceties for what they are, and simply define helots as a class of unfree laborers.
Unlike the slaves in Athens, helots had families and communities of their own, and they were no private property. As many as two thousand were selected accordingly, who crowned themselves and went round the temples, rejoicing in their new freedom.

It is difficult to reconcile these versions. We know only that it happened before the disastrous earthquake of 464 BC. [40] In short, Grote writes that "the various anecdotes which are told respecting [Helot] treatment at Sparta betoken less of cruelty than of ostentatious scorn". In Antiquity, all humans were unequal. But when it came to their slaves, the Helots, they were incredibly cowardly. This page was created in 2005; last modified on 14 March 2019. [18] Probably not insignificant to begin with, their population increased in spite of the crypteia, other massacres of helots (see below), and losses in war. If there is any doubt in these affirmations, they at least underscore the immediate Spartan reaction: allies are gathered and war ensues with the same Athens that would be faced later in the Peloponnesian War.

[21] Since helots were much less susceptible than other slaves in Greek antiquity to having their family units dispersed, they could reproduce themselves, or at least maintain their number. According to tradition, the Equals always carried their spears, undid the straps of their bucklers only when at home lest the Helots seize them, and locked themselves in their homes.

According to Thucydides,[54] the helots and perioeci of Thouria and Aithaia took advantage of the earthquake to revolt and establish a position on Ithome. The uprising coincident with the earthquake of 464 BC is soundly attested to, although Greek historians do not agree on the interpretation of this event. In spite of the brutality of their existence, helots seldom revolted. Citizenship was a privilege; magistracies were usually reserved for men; not everyone was allowed to serve in the army; the right to marry was restricted; not everybody was permitted to own land; certain professions were considered to be vulgar; and nearly every society had at least one class of people who were not their own masters.
fi:Helootit Xenophon in Hellenica (VI, 5, 28) states that the authorities agreed to emancipate all the helots who volunteered. el:Είλωτες

[41] He has been followed recently by J. Ducat (1974 and 1990),[42] who describes Spartan treatment of the Helots as a kind of ideological warfare, designed to condition the Helots to think of themselves as inferiors. The helots were serfs owned by the Spartan state, basically slaves; the Roman historian Livy claims that they were "a race of rustics, who have been feudal vassals even from the earliest times." The Helots were slaves born in Sparta who had their rights taken away at birth, even the right to live. uk:Ілоти Slavery was an accepted practice in ancient Greece, as in other societies of the time.Some Ancient Greek writers (including, most notably, Aristotle) described slavery as natural and even necessary.This paradigm was notably questioned in Socratic dialogues; the Stoics produced the first recorded condemnation of slavery.. They were ritually mistreated, humiliated and even slaughtered: every autumn, during the crypteia, they could be killed by a Spartan citizen without fear of repercussion. The few citations which have been associated with helot revolt are discussed below. Former helots are also recorded as rowers. "The Role of the Helots in the Class Struggle at Sparta". Some helots were also servants to young Spartans during their agoge, the Spartan education; these were the μόθωνες / móthōnes (see below).

Generally, emancipated helots were referred to as "neodamodes" (Template:Polytonic / neodamōdeis): those who rejoined the Template:Polytonic / dễmos (Deme) of the Perioeci. The Spartan babies that were deemed weak were raised to be slaves.

According to Strabo, “the Lacedaemonians held the Helots as state-slave in a way, having assigned to them certain settlements to live in … The Spartans gained considerable reputation as hoplites, due to tactical capabilities developed through constant training.

While slaves in other ancient Greek states was far less favourable for the slaves, the helots were considered to be treated with more favour in Sparta. Thucydides reports:[49], The massacre of Cape Taenarus, at the tip of Taygetus, is also reported by Thucydides:[51]. Therefore, Pausanias calls them "slaves of the commonwealth". [16], Having paid their tribute, the helots could often live rather well; the lands of Laconia and Messenia were very fertile, and often permitted two crops per year.

[12] According to some authors, in the fourth century BC, citizens also used chattel-slaves for domestic purposes. Girls born of such unions, serving no military purpose, were likely abandoned at birth and left to die. The first explicit reference to this practice in regards the helots occurs in Thucydides (IV, 26, 5). During the same war and after the capitulation of the Spartans besieged in Sphacteria, the Athenians installed a garrison in Pylos composed of Messenians from Naupactus.

The first helot attempt at revolt which is historically reported is that provoked by general Pausanias in the 5th century BC. The absence of a formal census prevents an accurate assessment of the helot population, but estimates are possible. "Only free men can negotiate; prisoners cannot enter into contracts. Probably, the helots outnumbered their masters by some seven to one. An argument for this theory is that the word heilôtes may be related to a verb that means "capture". Some modern scholars advocate a reevaluation of ancient evidence about Helots. [24]. This is a sharp contrast to the aristocracy at the time who were born into a rich social class with many rights to the Spartan slaves, who didn't have any rights at all. The total population of helots at that time, including women, is estimated as 170,000 – 224,000. [55] This version of events is supported by Plutarch.[56]. Probably, helotism is a very ancient category; it may even be a survival from Mycenean times. pt:Hilotas The Helots had a responsibility to the community, Helots had to do whatever work was assigned to them by their masters, The Helots had to defend the city state (Helots and, Marry (Just for the simple reason that there would be more mouths to feed). nl:Heloten Other acts of violence and terror are recorded, and it seems that Spartan society as a whole suffered from a permanent fear of a helot rebellion. it:Iloti zh:黑劳士, Pollux 3, 83. They fought with spears and shields, wore leather underwear and had the best abs. So all i've heard about this is that the Spartans were a sort of small elite that ruled over the helots who vastly outnumbered them. In conclusion, Helots were treated the worst out of all of the social classes on this website. It was also possible to purchase freedom, or achieve it by undergoing the traditional Spartan education. Philologists resolve this quandary in two ways: In any case, the conclusion needs to be treated carefully: At least from the classical era, the number of Spartans was very small compared to that of the Helots. This is the case of Plutarch in his Life of Cimon:[57] the helots of the Eurotas River valley want to use the earthquake to attack the Spartans whom they think are disarmed. Spartan criminals were sentenced to slavery. by Cartledge, Annex 4, p. 299; The sentence can also be translated quite differently: "as far as the Helots are concerned, most Spartan institutions have always been designed with a view to security" (, Ducat (1990), p. 120. They were the helots, the subjugated and conquered people, the slaves of Sparta. Additionally, the Helots were not privately owned, but belonged to the state. The second such outpost was at Kythera. es:Hilota sr:Хелот [30] They also took active measures, subjecting them to what Theopompus describes as "an altogether cruel and bitter condition".[31]. Typically, they were peasants, but they are sometimes found in other sectors of Spartan society (as servants at home, guards, and grooms), and although they were believed to be ethnically different from the Spartan elite, they could be emancipated and enter the world of the free-born. It is difficult to determine whether these births were the results of voluntary liaisons (at least on the part of the father) or part of a formal state program. Finally, helots, like slaves, could be artisans or tradesmen. A nation of slaves whose only purpose was to serve their masters? eu:Ilota Modern historiography favours the hypothesis of Antiochus of Syracuse. According to Hellanicus, the word relates to the village of Helos, in the south of Sparta. Articles with unsourced statements from July 2009, Articles with invalid date parameter in template, https://abuse.wikia.org/wiki/Helots?oldid=16329. ja:ヘイロタイ

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